The terminology in APA Style is "poster session," not "poster." A paper is different from a poster session. --Jeff

If your course pack is a compilation of previously published material, cite as described above in "Previously Published Articles or Chapters." --Jeff

That topic is too big for a comment box! Take a look at the free tutorial on APA Style at http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx If you have specific questions,please feel free to post them here or e-mail them to StyleExpert -at- apastyle.org (replace -at- with @). --Jeff

Dear Doug, Your professor is correct: "Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns" (APA Publication Manual, 6th ed., 6.29, p. 185). Here's how that reference should appear in APA Style: Buckhoff, T. A., & Colson, R. H. (2003). Preventing fraud by conducting background checks. CPA Journal, 73(11), 52. Retrieved from http://www.cpajournal.com/ Hope this helps, Jeff

Dear Doug, Your professor is correct: "Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns" (APA Publication Manual, 6th ed., 6.29, p. 185). A search of an article database simply pulls the metadata from the article's record. The result bears some resemblance to a reference, but it will always need to be tweaked, whether you are using APA, Chicago, MLA, or another style. You shouldn't rely on it to be formatted correctly. Here's how that reference should appear in APA Style: Buckhoff, T. A., & Colson, R. H. (2003). Preventing fraud by conducting background checks. CPA Journal, 73(11), 52. Retrieved from http://www.cpajournal.com/ Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Yenny, APA Style has no formatting rules for a table of contents. Check with your instructor or advisor to see if your university has formatting rules you should follow for your TOC. Hope this helps, --Jeff

Hi Barton, APA Style doesn't have special rules for slide presentations. Do the same as you would in any type of paper: Use a text citation to credit the work of others, and put a reference list at the end. If you have more references than you can fit on one slide (using a font >18 pt.), make your reference list a handout. Hope this helps, --Jeff

Hi Debbie, If you have several appendices, they should be labeled Appendix A, Appendix B, and so forth. Hope this helps, Jeff

If the supplemental material is included with the textbook, it's sufficient to cite the textbook. --Jeff

Hi Edith, Prior to presentation of the poster, it would be treated as an unpublished manuscript. Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Martina, The Journal of Christopher Columbus was not actually written by Christopher Columbus, so it would not be appropriate to list him as the author. Cecil Jane is the editor and translator of the version you used, but his translation was originally published in the 1930s; the 1960 edition was revised by L. A. Vigneras. Taking all these things into consideration, here's how I would cite it: Jane, C. (Ed.). (1960). The journal of Christopher Columbus (C. Jane & L. A. Vigneras, Trans.). New York, NY: Bramhall House. Text citation: (Jane, 1960) Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Corinne, A reprint is a duplication of the original work. A translation is a new work. So, some reprints are translations, but not all translations are reprints. The publication date of the original work is not included unless the original and the reprint or translation are widely separated in time. Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Kristina, Everything not attributed to another is assumed to be the work of the author, so it's not necessary to note that you did the translation at every cite. However, many authors state this in a footnote or parenthetical comment at the first translation (e.g., "all translations from French are my own"). Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Manfred, You could mention the translation (parenthetically or in a footnote) along with the citation for the original quote: "(DePuy et al., 2009; an English translation of this work is available in Smith & Henderson, 2012)" Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi markinboone, The Publication Manual isn't intended to be an all-inclusive rulebook; it focuses on usage relevant to APA journals. In the interest of not requiring a wheelbarrow to move it, the manual "omits general rules explained in widely available style manuals" (p. 87). One of those general rules is the use of italics to identify foreign words in text, which is well-nigh universal in scholarly publishing. But styles differ on when not to italicize foreign terms (e.g., Latin abbreviations -- like e.g.), hence the guidance on pp. 105-106. "Do use italics for foreign phrases and abbreviations not common in English" is the corollary of "Do not use italics for foreign phrases and abbreviations common in English." Incidentally, the guidance on italics in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual (2010) is the same as in the fifth (2001) and fourth (1994) editions. Hope this helps, --Jeff

A poster session is a conference session in which researchers stand next to a large poster displaying their research results and answer questions about it from passersby. Presenting a paper at a conference usually involves submitting a research paper in advance for peer review; if it is accepted, it is presented orally at the conference by one or more members of the research team. Most conferences publish these papers as part of their proceedings. A symposium is a small conference (or session at a large conference) at which a panel of authors present papers on a single topic. Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Karen, Whether to note the pause or not is up to you. Any nonverbal information that you decide is important can be indicated by an italicized comment in square brackets: "I guess I'm just tired today [sigh]. I guess it's been [pause] weeks since I had enough sleep." --Jeff

Hi Karen, The APA Publication Manual doesn't address this directly. However, here's some good advice from our friends at Chicago: "An author's previously unpublished transcriptions of interviews or discussions can usually be edited for such matters as capitalization, spelling, and minor grammatical slips or elisions." (13.46, p. 636) So yes, you can edit out the duplications and hesitations without ellipses. --Jeff

The surname to use in the text citation is the one that will lead you to the correct entry in the reference list. This work is listed alphabetically under Barthes, not Heath, so Barthes (1967) is the correct citation. Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Lisa, In the sixth edition (as in the fifth) the original date of publication (if known) is used for republished or reprinted works. And as it happens, the examples of translated works in the manual are reprinted/republished works. However, this is not necessarily true of all translated works. Hope this helps, Jeff

Hi Barbara, That's essentially the same as my second example. For example, if it had been translated into German: James, W., & Pelikan, J. (Ed.). (2009). Die Sorten der religiösen Erfahrung (H. Biedermeier, Trans.). Bonn, Germany: Haufpressen. --Jeff

Hi Barbara, If you're citing a translated chapter in a multi-authored, edited book, "Trans." follows the chapter title and "Ed." falls in its usual place: Durufle, P. (2010). What's wrong with the Rhine? (H. Weaver, Trans.). In M. Flaubert (Ed.), Pollution in the rivers of Europe (pp. 204-207). New York, NY: Bantam. If you're citing an edited collection of the works of one author, which has been published in a translated edition, it would be somewhat different: Dufarge, M., & Pickelstein, D. F. (Ed.). (1982). Essays on justice (A. B. Lincoln, Trans.). New York, NY: Woolrich. --Jeff

Hi Loretta, This online test is, according to the website, "based on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers’ typological approach to personality." Is "based on" the same as "authored by"? No. The author of this website is HumanMetrics, and that's what you should use in your reference. --Jeff