@Herm: Yes, ElectronVault battery modules have fully integrated battery management systems (BMS). In fact, we fully integrate multiple layers of safety, electrical and thermal management which operate independently of yet synergistically with one another. Our BMS is one such component, allowing for safety and electrical management of individual battery modules but also at the battery system level. This enables a fault tolerant battery system which can accumulate failed components while preserving 95%+ performance levels. We were guided by the principle that battery maintenance should not cost more, take more time, nor take place more often than periodic maintenance such as an oil or spark plug change.