**Scott Aaronson**: _[Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity](https://www.scottaaronson.com/papers/philos.pdf)_: "One might think that, once we know something is computable, how efficiently it can be computed is a practical question with little further philosophical importance. In this essay, I offer a detailed case that one would be wrong. In particular, I argue that computational complexity theory—the field that studies the resources (such as time, space, and randomness) needed to solve computational problems—leads to new perspectives on the nature of mathematical knowledge, the strong AI debate, computationalism, the problem of logical omniscience, Hume’s problem of induction, Goodman’s grue riddle, the foundations of quantum mechanics, economic rationality, closed timelike curves, and several other topics of philosophical interest. I end by discussing aspects of complexity theory itself that could benefit from philosophical analysis... ---- #noted Continue reading

**Miriam Bruhn, Dean Karlan, and Antoinette Schoar**: _[The Impact of Consulting Services on Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Mexico](https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/121090/696154.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)_: "A randomized control trial with 432 small and medium enterprises in Mexico shows positive impact of access to 1 year of management consulting services on total factor productivity and return on assets. Owners also had an increase in 'entrepreneurial spirit' (an index that measures entrepreneurial confidence and goal setting). Using Mexican social security data, we find a persistent large increase (about 50 percent) in the number of employees and total wage bill even 5 years after the program. We document large heterogeneity in the specific managerial practices that improved as a result of the consulting, with the most prominent being marketing, financial accounting, and long-term business planning... ---- #noted Continue reading

**Comment of the Day**: _[Ronald Brakels](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/why-have-the-more-polite-modern-day-neo-nazis-picked-transgender-people-as-those-seek-to-demonizeas-tree-equivalent-of-wha.html?cid=6a00e551f0800388340240a4bd2a35200b#comment-6a00e551f0800388340240a4bd2a35200b)_: "Why do they publicly hate trans people? Because they no longer get a thrill/votes from publicly hating gay people. It may be hard to see from the inside, but here in foreignland it is very clear that once people who wear suits stopped automatically nodding their heads in agreement with politicians who relied on casting themselves as being in opposition to a despised out group of people who have homosexual relations or look like they might, they pivoted to hating trans people. It all lookws horrifically artificial from over here. They are setting out to ruin lives and drive people to suicide because they find that preferable to obtaining political success by standing for something other than standing in opposition to some hated other. _[byomtov]_: "Why do they publicly hate trans people? Because they no longer get a thrill/votes from publicly hating gay people. It may be hard to see from the inside. Not hard to see at all. The need is to hate someone. Once it becomes unacceptable to hate (at least publicly) some groups-Jews, blacks, homosexuals-it becomes necessary to find a new target... ---- #commentoftheday Continue reading

**James D. Muhly**: _[Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy](https://ancient-world-project.nes.lsa.umich.edu/tltc/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/METAL_METALLURGY_Muhly-1985-AJA_Sources-of-Tin-and-the-Beginning-of-the-Bronze-Age.pdf)_: "Although there is still some uncertainty over exact details, it is now generally agreed that arsenical copper was produced by the direct smelting of an arsenical copper ore. The arsenic came down into the molten copper because it was present in the ore body, not because it had been added as a separate alloying element. It was thus impossible to control the amount of arsenic present in the copper. Published analyses of arsenical copper artifacts covering the years 4000-2000 B.C. show that arsenic content varied widely, supporting the theory that arsenical copper is a natural alloy... ---- #noted Continue reading

**Hoisted from 2011**: Sumner really knew better than to do this, and really ought to have restrained himself: **Scott Sumner**: _[A Slightly Off-Center Perspective on Monetary Problems](https://wallstreetpit.com/79856-what-krugman-doesnt-get-about-barro-fama-cochrane/)_: "They are both basically saying: 'if we hold nominal spending constant, fiscal policy can’t fix it.'... [I]t’s really rather sad when people like Krugman and Brad DeLong keep insisting that these guys don’t understand basic macro principles.... I don’t know for sure that Fama was using the same implicit assumption... [but] I think it quite likely that Fama was also cutting corners.... Lots of brilliant people talking past each other.... Welcome to elite macroeconomics, circa 2011.... If I was going to assign blame I’d single out Krugman/DeLong for rudeness and Fama/Cochrane for poor communication skills... Me: _[Economists' Views of Fiscal Policy: RetCon Department](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2011/07/economists-views-of-fiscal-policy-retcon-department.html)_: The argument that Sumner attributes to Cochrane and Fama (and, wrongly, to Barro) is not a coherent argument: if you say "if I assume that fiscal policy does not affect nominal spending, then fiscal policy does not affect nominal spending, and so I have proved my case" you haven't made an argument at all.... A coherent argument would have to succeed in arguing both.... 1. Even though the government is... Continue reading

I really, really wish Jared Bernstein would not do this. It is simply not the case—as he knows well—that policymakers "quickly forgot about the need to compensate for the losses" from expanded international trade. _Democratic_ policymakers—of whom Jared is one—well-remembered this, but after November 1994 did not have the power. _Republican_ policymakers did not see the need as a need at all: they did not forget it: they ignored it. Do you want to know what I think? I think a lot of not completely consistent things. Here are three things to read: **2017**: _[Gains from Trade: Is Comparative Advantage the Ideology of the Comparatively Advantaged?](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2017/12/gains-from-trade-is-comparative-advantage-the-ideology-of-the-comparatively-advantaged.html)_: The true arguments for free trade have always been a level or two deeper than 'comparative advantage': that optimal tariff equilibrium is unstable; that other policy tools than trade restrictions resolve unemployment in ways that are not beggar-thy-neighbor; that countries lack the administrative competence to successfully execute manufacturing export-based industrial policies; that trade restrictions are uniquely vulnerable to rent seeking by the rich; and so forth. The... internal misdistribution hole...[patched by] the late 19th C. 'social Darwinist' redefinition of the social welfare function as not the greatest good of the greatest number but as... Continue reading

**Scott Aaronson**: _[On Two Blog Posts of Jerry Coyne](https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=4253)_: "David Gelernter... right-wing commentator... argued that recent work has definitively disproved Darwinism as a mechanism for generating new species, and until something better comes along, Intelligent Design is the best available alternative.... Gelernter’s argument falls flat... because it indulges in bad math and computer science.... Gelernter says that (a) a random change to an amino acid sequence will pretty much always make it worse, (b) the probability of finding a useful new such sequence by picking one at random is at most ~1 in 10^77, and (c) there have only been maybe ~10^40 organisms in earth’s history. Since 10^77 >> 10^40, Darwinism is thereby refuted—not in principle, but as an explanation for life on earth. QED. Gelernter can’t personally see how a path could cut through the exponentially large solution space in a polynomial amount of time, so he asserts that it’s impossible. Many of the would-be P≠NP provers who email me every week do the same. But this particular kind of 'argument from incredulity' has an abysmal track record: it would’ve applied equally well, for example, to problems like maximum matching that turned out to have efficient algorithms. This is... Continue reading

**YHWH**: _[Jeremiah 22:3-5](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+22&version=KJV)_: "Do no wrong, do no violence to the starnger, the fatherless, nor the widow.... If ye will not head these words, I swear by myself that this house shall become a desolation... ---- **Yod-He-Waw-He**: _[Jeremiah](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+22&version=KJV)_: "Thus saith the Lord: 'Go down to the house of the king of Judah, and speak there this word... >>...And say: "Hear the word of the Lord, O king of Judah, that sittest upon the throne of David, thou, and thy servants, and thy people that enter in by these gates: Thus saith the Lord: 'Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place. For if ye do this thing indeed, then shall there enter in by the gates of this house kings sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, he, and his servants, and his people. But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself', saith the Lord, 'that this house shall become a desolation'. >>"For thus saith the Lord unto the king's house... Continue reading

**Alan Murray**: _China Takes Lead in Fortune Global 500_: "The new Fortune Global 500 list goes live this morning, and marks an important world power transition. The number of companies on the list based in China, including the 10 in Taiwan, reached a record 129—exceeding for the first time the number of companies based in the U.S. (121). The Fortune Global 500 ranks companies on size, and of course, size is not everything. Many of the largest Chinese companies are state-owned enterprises which owe their heft to government-supported monopolies in the world’s most populous market, and aren’t necessarily the world’s most dynamic companies. Nevertheless, the list signals a significant global power shift. Ten years ago, there were only 43 Chinese companies on the list. Twenty years ago, there were just eight. And a boatload of fast-growing private Chinese companies are rapidly working their way up the ranks... ---- #noted Continue reading

I disagree: at some level, this is a joke; I'm just not sure at what level: **Justin Weinberg**: _[Mini-Heap](http://dailynous.com/2019/07/03/mini-heap-192/)_: "Colin McGinn launches consulting firm handling matters 'from workplace ethics to catastrophe avoidance'—I’m assured this is not a joke. Do check out the list of advisors... _[Philosophical Applications](https://www.applyphil.com/)_: "We bring the right people together to challenge established thinking and drive transformation.... Advisors: Roger Scruton... Rebecca Goldstein... Simon Blackburn... Thomas Nagel... Stephen Pinker... Michael Shermer... A.C. Grayling... Marie McGinn... ---- #noted Continue reading

* **Weekly Forecasting Update**: _[July 12, 2019](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/the-right-response-to-almost-all-economic-data-releases-is-next-to-nothing-has-changed-we-are-where-we-were-a-year-ago-s.html)_: "the Fed has recognized that its hope of normalizing the Fed Funds rate in the foreseeable future is vain, and has now recognized that its confidence over the past six years that we were close to full employment was simply wrong... * **For the Weekend**: _[Paul Celan: Todesfugue](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/paul-celan-todesfugue-for-the-weekend.html)_: "Death is a master from German his eye it is blue/he shoots you with shot made of lead shoots you level and true/a man lives in the house your golden hair Margarete/he looses his hounds on us grants us a grave in the air /he plays with his vipers and daydreams/Death is a master from Germany/your golden hair Margarete/your ashen hair Shulamith... * **Weekend Reading**: _[Thomas Wyatt the Younger](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/thomas-wyatt-the-younger-weekend-reading.html)_: "Great12-grandfather... * **Weekend Reading**: _[Titus Livius: The Latin War: The History of Rome](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/titus-livius-the-latin-war-the-history-of-rome-weekend-reading.html)_: "An order was issued that the treaty should be renewed with the Laurentians; and it is renewed every year since, on the tenth day after the Latin festival. The rights of citizenship were granted to the Campanian horsemen; and that it might serve as a memorial, they hung up a brazen tablet in the temple of Castor at Rome. The Campanian state was... Continue reading

**Mistermix**: _[Only Play with Money, Careful](https://www.balloon-juice.com/2019/07/19/only-play-with-money-careful/)_: "Atrios, on why Democratic Senators in purple states don’t support popular things....'Polls say it’s popular but a candidate can’t win if they support it? Does not compute does not compute beep beep beep. The reason it does compute is that... the calculation is not 'boy if I support a higher minimum wage then the voters will get mad'. The calculation is 'boy if I support a higher minimum wage then the voters will like that, BUT the Chamber of Commerce types will dump a bunch of money into the race to oppose me and run ads calling me a child molester (or highlighting something else that might be unpopular about me)'. Supporting the popular thing is a problem not because the popular thing is unpopular (by definition!), but because it’s tough to win as a Democrat generally and extra hard if the big money comes after you.' I think this describes the mindset correctly, but I don’t know if it reflects the current reality. Whether or not you support something popular, if you’re a Democrat in a state that’s anything but completely blue, there is so much third-party money in these races that you’re... Continue reading

Anne is wrong: the turning point came long, long ago: **Anne Applebaum**: _[Conservative Intellectuals Are at a Turning Point: Normalize Trump or Resist Him?](https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/conservative-intellectuals-are-at-a-turning-point-normalize-trump-or-resist-him/2019/07/19/25e5b06e-a978-11e9-86dd-d7f0e60391e9_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.742ddeec559b)_: "We have consistently spoken about civic patriotism and not nationalism in the United States.... We are not... held together by ethnic blood ties.... Our imagined community is based on... a more complex, more cerebral national ideal... democracy and justice as opposed to blood and soil.... Those who promote a... nativist definition of America... weaken and divide us, as the president [does].... I have some sympathy [for] the conservative movement[. It] is at a real turning point... decide whether they will continue to normalize Trump, providing him with the intellectual framework to indulge the dangerous impulses on display in Greenville, or whether they will try to create something that gives the Republican Party, at least, some viable alternative once Trumpism fails. If they can bring themselves to abandon the word “nationalism,” that will be a good sign... ---- #noted Continue reading

**Samuel P. Huntington**: _[The Hispanic Challenge](https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/28/the-hispanic-challenge/)_: "Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other Latinos have not assimilated into mainstream U.S. culture, forming instead their own political and linguistic enclaves—from Los Angeles to Miami—and rejecting the Anglo-Protestant values that built the American dream.... The Hispanization of Miami is without precedent.... The Cuban takeover had major consequences... a Cuban-led, Hispanic city... in which assimilation and Americanization were unnecessary and in some measure undesired..... By 1999, the heads of Miami’s largest bank, largest real estate development company, and largest law firm were all Cuban-born or of Cuban descent... the mayor of Miami and the mayor, police chief, and state attorney of Miami-Dade County, plus two-thirds of Miami’s U.S. Congressional delegation and nearly one half of its state legislators.... Anglos (as well as blacks)... outside minorities that could often be ignored. Unable to communicate with government bureaucrats and discriminated against by store clerks, the Anglos... could accept their subordinat[ion]... assimilate into the Hispanic community... or... leave... their exodus reflected in a popular bumper sticker: 'Will the last American to leave Miami, please bring the flag'... ---- #noted Continue reading

Right-wing U. Penn professor Amy Wax brings the racism pure: **Joe Patrice**: _[Professor Amy Wax Declares Black Students ‘Rarely’ Graduate In The Top Half Of Law School Class](https://abovethelaw.com/2018/03/professor-declares-black-students-rarely-graduate-in-the-top-half-of-law-school-class/)_: "And have *never* graduated in the top quarter as far as she can remember: Comedian Cristela Alonzo has this bit about walking through a racist locale and facing shouts of 'Mexicans are lazy' and that 'Mexicans are taking all our jobs', forcing her to wonder 'well, which one is it?' Professor Amy Wax of Penn Law would do well to remember this little life lesson in racist contradiction.... Right after she’s finished explaining how black people would be better off if they understood that they’re better at menial tasks... Wax claims that a black student has never finished in the top quarter of a graduating class Penn Law as far as she can remember and that they 'rarely, rarely' finish in the top half. That prompts.... **[Glenn] Loury:** 'Do you have a racial diversity mandate for law review appointments at Penn?' **[Amy] Wax**: 'Yes. Yes.' **Loury**: 'So you’re telling me that students of color who have served on law review are pretty much in the bottom half of their law classes at... Continue reading

**Dwight D. Eisenhower** (1954): _[Letter to Edgar Newton Eisenhower](https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-edgar-newton-eisenhower/)_: "Dear Ed: I think that such answer as I can give to your letter of November first will be arranged in reverse order–at least I shall comment first on your final paragraph. You keep harping on the Constitution; I should like to point out that the meaning of the Constitution is what the Supreme Court says it is. Consequently no powers are exercised by the Federal government except where such exercise is approved by the Supreme Court (lawyers) of the land. I admit that the Supreme Court has in the past made certain decisions in this general field that have been astonishing to me. A recent case in point was the decision in the Phillips case. Others, and older ones, involved 'interstate commerce.' But until some future Supreme Court decision denies the right and responsibility of the Federal government to do certain things, you cannot possibly remove them from the political activities of the Federal government... >...Now it is true that I believe this country is following a dangerous trend when it permits too great a degree of centralization of governmental functions. I oppose this–in some instances the fight is a... Continue reading

**Francis Wilkinson**: _[Gun Safety Takes a Back Seat to Gun Culture and Children Die](https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-07-17/gun-safety-takes-a-back-seat-to-gun-culture-and-children-die)_: "A mother stored a gun in her car to protect her children. It killed her daughter instead.: On Monday, April 8, Courtney Kelly’s Hyundai Elantra failed. Kelly had just gotten all three kids packed into their car seats in the back. Millie, 6, was on the passenger side. Maddox, 4, was on the driver’s side. Lucas, 2, was strapped in the middle. It was about 5:45 p.m. They were on their way to Maddox’s baseball practice. With the children settled, Kelly was poised to pull out of her driveway on Laurelcrest Lane in Dallas, Georgia. The car wouldn’t start... >...Kelly got out to investigate. She heard the gunshot soon after. The bullet, a Hornaday .380, entered Millie’s right eye at close range and exited the back of her skull. After barreling through Millie’s brain, spreading matter across the back of the car, the bullet still possessed enough force to break the rear window. A spent shell casing was later found on the driveway. >Neighbors, followed by law enforcement officers and emergency medical professionals, rushed to help. Millie was transported by ambulance to a local hospital. She... Continue reading

Barry Eichengreen does not appear pleased with Facebook's non-blockchain blockchain called Libra. As I have said, it looks like a second-order grift. There might be real value there—competing with visa and the others is a worthwhile task. But calling it "blockchain"? And calling it "blockchain" when it isn't? There do appear to be several levels here at which Facebook is not on the level. And that makes one wonder about the value to society of the project: **Barry Eichengreen**: _[Questions on Facebook's Libra](https://twitter.com/B_Eichengreen/with_replies)_: "In light of my Washington Post op-ed on Libra, I thought I might pose some questions about this new blogpost from Facebook’s David Marcus on the same subject: Still no details on what will ensure that Libra continuously trades at par vis-à-vis the underlying basket? Is the idea that Libra will function like an ETF (which won’t work) or like a currency board (which will be incredibly expensive)? Will the members of the Libra Association have the power to decide later to hypothecate the underlying assets? If this is against the rules, what prevents them from changing the rules?... Would Osama Bin Landen have been able to operate a wallet on his own? Would his wallet have... Continue reading

**Aretha Franklin**: _[Who's Zoomin' Who?(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kEQSbdzAVw)_: ---- #fortheweekend #music Continue reading

The right response to almost all economic data releases is: Next to nothing has changed. We are where we were a year ago: Stable growth at 2% per year with no signs of rising inflation or a rising labor share. The only significant difference that the Fed has recognized that its hope of normalizing the Fed Funds rate in the foreseeable future is vain, and has now recognized that its confidence over the past six years that we were close to full employment was simply wrong: **Federal Reserve Bank of New York**: _[Nowcasting Report: Jul 19, 2019](https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/policy/nowcast)_: "1.4% for 2019:Q2 and 1.9% for 2019:Q3.News from this week's data releases decreased the nowcast for 2019:Q2 by 0.1 percentage point and increased the nowcast for 2019:Q3 by 0.1 percentage point. Negative surprises from housing data accounted for most of the decline for 2019:Q2, while positive surprises from survey data accounted for most of the increase in 2019:Q3... ### Key Points: Specifically, it is still the case that: * The Trump-McConnell-Ryan tax cut has been a complete failure at boosting the American economy through increased investment in America. * But it has been a success in making the rich richer and thus America... Continue reading

**Steve M.**: _[2020 Strategy: Everyone Should Scorch Earth The Way Trump Does](https://crooksandliars.com/2019/07/2020-strategy-everyone-should-scorch-earth)_: "I didn't see this coming, though I probably should have: 'Kellyanne Conway Snaps Back at Reporter: "What’s Your Ethnicity?": When White House reporter Andrew Feinberg posed a question to Kellyanne Conway on Tuesday about the president’s racist tweets against the four congresswomenknown as the “Squad,” he found himself taken aback by her response.... Instead of answering that question, Conway asked him, “What’s your ethnicity?”... Conway still would not answer Feinberg’s question, instead insisting that [the] question was relevant because Trump said “originally” from—he didn’t—and going on a rant about how “a lot of us are sick and tired in this country of America coming last”...'It's not news that Conway would rather kneecap reporters than inform them of the truth. But she hasn't been in the habit of tossing ethnicity into the mix. That's been the president's specialty. That, however, seems to be the Trump team's strategy for 2020: Everyone should become even more like Trump... >...Everyone should scorch earth the way Trump does. Everyone should embrace Trump's obsessions, including his obsession with race. A fair number of Americans voted for Trump in 2016 in the belief that he... Continue reading

**Ezra Klein**: _[Trump Was Right, and Justin Amash Was Wrong, About Conservatives](https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/7/12/20690910/donald-trump-justin-amash-republicans-primaries-conservatives)_: "For most conservatives, whether they were prominent pundits or everyday voters... no contradiction between conservatism and Trumpism.... Conservatism isn’t, for most people, an ideology. It’s a group identity.... Michael Barber and Jeremy Pope.... 'There has never been a president (or any party leader) who shifts back and forth so often between liberal and conservative issue positions'.... If conservatism was an ideology... a stronger attachment to that ideology should provide a stronger mooring against the winds of Trump.... Instead, 'we observe exactly the opposite: strong "conservatives" are the most likely to be partisan loyalists—following Trump in a liberal direction when told of his support for a liberal policy.'... Our political language fails us. The terms we use to describe ideologies are often describing social identities. And what matters to an identity group is whether their group is winning or losing. Trump understood this better than most... ---- #noted Continue reading

**Kevin Drum**: _[Trump Hits a New Low... Again](https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2019/07/trump-hits-a-new-low-again/)_: "A very non-exhaustive list of things that have been called new lows for Trump over the past few years. Enjoy: >**2015** >July 20: Attacks John McCain for being a POW. November 13: Compares Ben Carson to child molester. November 21: Proposes Muslim registry. November 23: Retweets claim that 81 percent of white people are killed by blacks. November 26: Mocks a reporter’s disability. December 8: Calls for ban on Muslim entry. >**2016**.... >March 23: Attacks Ted Cruz’s wife. March 30: Says that women who get abortions should be punished. May 3: Suggests that Ted Cruz’s father killed JFK. June 3: Attacks federal Judge Gonzalo Curiel. July 27: Asks Russia to please find and release Hillary Clinton’s 30,000 emails. August 1: After Khizr Khan accuses Trump of never sacrificing anything for his country, Trump attacks Khan and says that he has too made a lot of sacrifices, such as “building great structures.” August 10: Suggests his supporters might want to shoot Hillary Clinton. October 8: “Grab ’em by the pussy” tape. October 12: More women accuse Trump of sexual assault.... >**2017** >February 22: Attacks transgender children. March 4: Accuses Obama of tapping his... Continue reading

**Comment of the Day**: _[Grebmorts](https://www.bradford-delong.com/2019/07/i-want-my-country-back-i-want-my-country-back-now-great10-grandfather-william-bradford-_the-project-gutenberg-eboo.html#comment-6a00e551f0800388340240a498a291200d)_: "Seven thorns. 'Yt' is an abbreviation for 'þat' Touché... Why þ and &—not to mention æ, ð, œ—have not made more of a comeback in this Age of Twitter is a mystery to me... ---- #commentoftheday Continue reading

I want my country back! I want my country back now!!: Great^10-Grandfather **William Bradford**: _[The Project Gutenberg eBook of Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation', by William Bradford](https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24950/24950-h/24950-h.htm)_: "So being ready to departe, they had a day of solleme humiliation, their pastor taking his texte from Ezra 8:21: _And ther at þe river, by Ahava, I proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves before our God, and seeke of him a right way for us, and for our children, and for all our substance_. Upon which he spente a good parte of þe day very profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The rest of the time was spente in powering out prairs to þe Lord with great fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And þe time being come that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their brethren out of þe citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte þt goodly & pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12. years; but they knew they were pilgrimes, & looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to þe heavens, their... Continue reading